Nzira kuburikidza neakanakisa macathedrals muEurope

Gadzira nzira kuburikidza ne macathedrals akanakisa muEurope Zvinogara zvakaoma uye zvine musoro. Kune zvakawanda zvinoshamisa zvaunogona kuwana pasi rose. Old continent, izvo zvisiri nyore kusarudza vashoma chete.

Chero zvazvingava, izvi zvivakwa zvinoshamisa zvinopindura kune zvitaera zvakasiyana se Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque o iyo Neoclassical. Mukuwedzera, ivo vakazara nenhoroondo. Asi, pamusoro pezvose, vose vanobvumirana kutipa isu a chiitiko chinoshamisa kubatanidza zvemweya nehunyanzvi chete. Pazasi, tinokuratidza nzira dzedu kuburikidza neakanakisa macathedrals muEurope, tichivasarudza kubva panguva dzakasiyana, nzvimbo, uye masitayipi.

iyo Cathedral yeSantiago yeCompostela

Tinotanga rwendo rwedu pane imwe yemakereke akakosha eSpain. The mukurumbira Mugwagwa waSantiago, imwe yenzendo tsvene dzinokosha zvikuru munyika yose, sezvinodavirwa kuti inochengetera zvisaririra zvomuapostora uyo rakatumidzwa zita rake. Uyezve, zvose zviri zviviri temberi neguta rekare reSantiago zvakaziviswa Nhaka Yenyika.

Yakavakwa pakati pe9th ne12th mazana emakore uye ingangove inonyanya kukosha yeRomanesque monument muSpain, kunyangwe ichibatanidza mamwe maitiro akazotevera. Yayo inonakidza ensemble inosanganisira yakakurumbira Facade yaObradoiro, inogara dzimba Portico yeKubwinya Del Tenzi MateoNekudaro, iyo facades ye vapfuri veSirivheri, weAzabhakeria kana of iye Quintana. Saizvozvowo, the Carraca neBerenguela shongwe (yakatumidzwa zita rimwe remabhero ayo) zadzisa iyo seti.

Kana zviri zvemukati, chinhu chayo chinonyanya kufarirwa ndeye iyo Botafumeiro, mudziyo mukuru wendarira wokupisira rusenzi wakareba mamita 1,60 uye unorema makirogiramu 62. Asi zvakanyanya kukosha temberi dzetemberi. La Meya Inosanganisa zvekutanga zveRomanesque zvinhu neRenaissance uye Baroque zvinhu, senge denga rayo rakanaka. Pazasi payo pane guva raSt. James nevadzidzi vake, Athanasius naTheodore. Asi iwe unofanirwawo kushanyira mamwe machapel akanaka zvakaenzana. Pakati pavo, mumwe waPilari nedenga rayo rakanaka, iyo yaKristu weBurgos o iyo yaMuponesi.

Florence Cathedral

Munzira yedu kuburikidza nemacathedrals akanakisa muEurope isu tava kuenda Italia, kunyanya ku FlorenciaImomo tinowana tembere inoshamisa ye Santa Maria dei Fiore. Sezvakaitika kare, pamwe chete nenzvimbo yenhoroondo yeguta, yakaziviswa Nhaka Yenyika na Unesco.

Muchiitiko ichi, yakavakwa pakati pezana remakore rechi13 ne15, kunyange zvazvo façade yakagadziridzwa muzana remakore rechi19. Iyo yekupedzisira ndeyechokwadi yehunyanzvi inoshamisa. Chivako ichi chinodzokera kumashure kwekutanga Renaissance, uye chinhu chayo chakanakisa ndeche the dome. Raiva basa re Filippo Brunelleschi uye inosvika 114 metres pakureba. Kureba kwayo kwekunze i45,5 metres uye huremu hwayo i37 metric tons. Zvese izvi zvinokupa iwe pfungwa yehunhu hwayo hunoshamisa. Mukuwedzera, iyo campanile kana bhero shongwe, basa re Giotto and the Rubhabhatidzo rwaJohane Mutsvene, ine mikova yebhuronzi yakakurumbira ye Lorenzo Ghiberti.

Nezvemukati wetemberi, unofanirwa kutarisa pairi 44 mahwindo egirazi ane mavara yakagadzirwa nevanyori vakaita se Donatello o Andrea del CastagnoAsi iwe unofanirwawo kukoshesa kupendwa kweiyo dome yambotaurwa uye yakawanda zvifananidzo. Pakati pavo, zvidhori zveequestrian zvecondottiere Giovanni Acuto and of Niccolo naTolentino; chivako cherufu rwabhishopi Antonio d'Orso; muchinjikwa mukuru weatari huru; kwaya ye Bandinelli kana mikova yezvitsvene, yakagadzirwa na Luca della Robbia.

Chartres, iyo inofanirwa-kuona pane chero kushanya kweakanakisa macathedrals eEurope

Musoro wechikamu ichi unobva pakuti Chartres Cathedral iri mumwe weakanakisa mienzaniso yeGothic architecture muEurope yese. Muchokwadi, yakashanda segwara kune vamwe vazhinji vakavakwa gare gare. Kuvakwa kwayo kwakagara kubva 1194 kusvika 1220, kunyange zvazvo spire yakawedzerwa muzana remakore rechiXNUMX. Zvakare, ndizvo Nhaka Yenyika.

Zvimiro zvayo zvekunze zvinosanganisira stylized Gothic mitsetse uye shongwe mbiri. Asi pamusoro pezvose, iyo Royal Portico, iyo inoumba chikamu chekumadokero façade uye inomira kunze kwemaitiro ayo anowirirana anonzi neAnglo-Norman pesvedzero. Iyo ine maportals matatu ane tympanum, lintel, uye zvivezwa zvekushongedza. Iwo ekupedzisira emhando yepamusoro uye anotarisa pane akasiyana maficha ehunhu hwe JesucristoAsi hapana zvishoma zvinoshamisa ndizvo North portico, yakatsva uye ine zvivezwa zvakawanda.

Nezvemukati memukati, iyo cathedral ine muchinjika-yakaita pasi pasi chirongwa uye ine matatu nave, pamwe nenzvimbo tsvene ine ambulatory. Asi zvinonyanya kukosha uye zvinoshamisa maficha ndeaya mahwindo ayo egirazi ane mavara, ane mukurumbira pasi rose. Ivo vanoonekwa seimwe yeakanakisa akachengetedzwa akaunganidzwa ekare akasvibiswa magirazi mahwindo. Pakati pavo, izvo zvinobata ziso rako nekuda kwekusimba kwavo kwechromatic, inomira iyo inonzi Hwindo reBlue Virgin, iyo inomumiririra neMwana uye inotangira muzana remakore rechi13.

Cathedral yeColonia

Uyezve iyo ye Suburb Iyo inofanirwa-kuona pane chero nzira kuburikidza neEurope yakanakisa macathedrals. Hazvishamisi kuti ndechimwe chezvivakwa zvakanyanya kushanyirwa mukati Alemania uye zvakafanana Nhaka YenyikaKuvakwa kwayo kwakatanga muzana remakore rechi13, kunyange zvazvo kusina kupera kusvika pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19. Yakaparadzwawo zvakaipisisa nekubhomba munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, saka yakadzorerwa zvakare.

Pindura kuna Gothic maitiro uye anotora semuenzaniso we Amiens Cathedral. Mune inokatyamadza ensemble, ayo akakwirira ari shongwe mbiri dzakatetepa, iyo inosvika 157 mamita pakureba. Kutaura zvazviri, ndicho chaiva chivako chakareba kudarika dzimwe dzose munyika kutozosvikira pakuvakwa, muna 1884, kweobelisk. George Washington muguta guru re United StatesZvimwe zvinhu zvetemberi ndizvo mabhero ayo, pakati peiyo iyo inozivikanwa se "Fat Peter's" inomira pachena. Chikonzero cheizvi hachisi chimwe kunze kwehukuru hwayo uye huremu hwematani makumi maviri nemana.

Kana zviri zvemukati mecathedral, iyo chancel inonyanya kukosha. Inosanganisira kwaya yemukati uye ambulatory ine machapel manomwe (pakati pevamwe, avo vaEngelbertus, Stephen kana of the Epiphany), pamusoro pe iyo yeSakaramende. Inoumba chikamu chekare chetemberi. Zvakadarowo nhengo mbiri yakagadzwa muzana remakore rechi20.

St. Basil's Cathedral, yakasiyana zvikuru pakati pemacathedrals akanakisisa muEurope

Panzira yedu kuburikidza nemacathedrals akanakisa muEurope isu zvino tinosvika Moscow kutaura newe nezvazvo iyo yaSaint Basil. Inowanikwa mu Red Square, yakasiyanawo zvikuru neyo yapfuura, sezvainopindura kusanganiswa kwemaitiro eByzantine ane hunhu hwetsika dzekuchamhembe kweRussiaZvakare, yakanzi iWorld Heritage Site pamwe chete nezvimwe zvivakwa zvinoumba Kremlin.

Yakavakwa nekuraira kweTsar Ivan IV pakati pezana remakore rechi16 kuti vayeuke kukunda kwake Kazan. Panotova nengano pamusoro peizvi. Inoti mutongi akapofumadza mumwe wevagadziri vake, aive akadaro Postnik Yakovlev (inonzi Valfolomey) kumudzivisa kugadzira imwe tembere yakaisvonaka zvikuru.

Kunze, chinhu chayo chinonyanya kushamisa ndechekuti dzimba onion-yakaita uye pendi mumarudzi akasiyana, ayo akawedzerwa muzana remakore rechi17 (kare akanga akachena). Kana ari madziro, zvidhinha zvitsvuku kana kutevedzera nekushongedza kwakachena. Kana zviri zvemukati, iyo cathedral inoumbwa makereke gumi, imwe yepakati, ina yakarongwa pamwe chete nekadhidhi points, uye mamwe diagonally. Kurongeka kwakaoma uku kunofananidzira pfungwa yechidzitiro chehumwari chakapararira muRussia yese. Imwe neimwe yemakereke aya kana machapel ane kushongedzwa kwakasiyana inoumbwa nemifananidzo uye zvivezwa zvimedu zveukoshi hukuru.

Notre-Dame de Paris

Takapedzisa kushanya kwedu mune imwe yecathedral inonyanya kuzivikanwa munyika, iyo, sezvamunoziva, yakatambura nemoto unotyisa makore mashoma apfuura. Sezvineiwo, ikozvino yawanazve chimiro chayo chepakutanga. Yakavakwa pakati pezana remakore rechi12 ne14 kubatanidza maGothic maficha ane pesvedzero yaNorman Romanesque.

Yekutanga inosanganisira matinji ayo makuru anobhururuka uye mahwindo makuru, ane mavara ane mavara. Yayo compact, inenge nhare-yakafanana nechitarisiko, zvisinei, inoratidza yechipiri. The kumadokero facade, iyo inonyanya kukosha neshongwe dzayo mbiri dzakakurumbira, inoratidza zvinhu zveRomanesque, asi, pamusoro pezvose, zveGothic of the Basilica yeSaint-DenisIyo yakapararira pamusoro pematanho matatu uye matatu akatwasuka zvikamu zvakakamurwa nebuttresses. Imwe neimwe yeiyi ine musuwo, uye imwe yeshongwe ine bhero rakakurumbira. Emmanuel.

Mukati metemberi wakasiyana nazvo kupenya, iyo inofanirwa kune ese mahwindo makuru muchancel uye kune ambotaurwa mahwindo erose. Iyo mbiru dzecylindrical dzinoparadzanisa naves ndezvepakutanga. Iyo apse inotungamirwa nechifananidzo chikuru che huMwari yakagadzirwa muzana remakore rechi18 nemuvezi Nicolas CoustouZvakapfugama pamberi pake ndizvo zvakavezwa zve Louis XIII y Louis XIV, nepo boka rengirozi richikomberedza boka racho.

Hapana zvishoma zvinoshamisa nhengoyakasikwa Aristide Cavaillé-Coll, mugadziri ane mukurumbira womuzana remakore rechi19. Iyo inotova nekesi yakashongedzwa ne automata. Sezvaunoziva, Notre-Dame yakapinda mune yakakurumbira fungidziro yekutenda kune inoveli na Victor Hugo zvine musoro, chaizvo, Mukadzi Wedu weParis, gare gare yakashandurwa kuva firimu kakawanda. Asi anga ariwo mamiriro ezvinhu ezvakaitika kare. Pakati pavo, kugadzwa kwe Napoleon bonaparte samambo.

Mukupedzisa, taratidza kwamuri nzira kuburikidza nemacathedrals akanakisa muEurope. Zvisinei, tinogona kukurudzira kuti ushanyire vamwe vakawanda. Semuyenzaniso, iyo iri muSeville, neGiralda yayo yakakurumbira; Duomo weMilan kana yepakutanga Sagrada Familia muBarcelona, basa re Antonio gaudi. Shinga kuwana temberi dzinoshamisa idzi.